Geographical Effects on Cooking and Preparation :: Research Cooking Geogrpahy Papers

Geographical Effects on Cooking and Preparation Abstract: This paper will attempt to show others the differences and similarities in food preparation due to differences in altitudes. Accordingly, this paper will explore the adjustments necessary to cook in different locations and at different elevations. This paper is of interest to me because I live at an elevation of over 10,572 feet. The backs of boxes do not indicate changes of this type. This also interests me because I have a joy for being in the kitchen. National Standards: A group of parents, educators, business people, and organizations has developed a list of standards for educators to use as a reference in order to make the United States internationally competitive (14, p 9). These standards should apply to this paper and to all geography related topics. Three standards have been chosen to focus the attention of this paper. The first one is number six; "Knows and understands that culture and experiences influence people’s perception of places and experiences." This applies because there will be a different perspective on cooking for those who live in low altitudes than to those who live at higher ones. The second one that applies is number 14; "Knows and understands how the earth’s physical and human systems are connected and interact." It is because of the physical surroundings that the human system of cooking is altered. Finally, number 18: "Knows and understands how to apply geography to interpret the present and the future." This standard is used to show that at present there are still a lot of experiments to complete, so that perhaps in the future we will be better prepared to adjust to higher elevations. Introduction: As the twenty-first century is rapidly approaching people have a lot on their minds; wars, shortages of fuel leading to higher gas prices, possible computer crashes, and who will be the prominent leaders, among other things. This paper is designed to allow the reader to escape into the world nearly everyone enjoys, eating. Food is required to sustain life. Even small children know that fact; however, not everyone knows that food also has emotional and psychological effects. Food is the source of security, satisfaction, hospitality, and status (1, p 8). Involved in the last of these, status, is a large element of social interaction and acceptance. Accordingly, the area in which a person lives is one of the largest factors determining the eating habits a person develops (1, p 2).

Obesity: America’s Modern Day Societal Crutch

Obesity: America’s Modern Day Societal Crutch Matthew Murphy Abstract Today’s society has been faced with the never ending problem of obesity. Many would blame this problem of obesity in America to poor genetics, unhealthy eating habits, and even lack of physical fitness. After viewing this paper and reviewing these credible sources the reader will have a better understanding as to why individuals become obese. All sources in this paper have been written, reviewed, and critiqued by credible individuals.Obesity: America’s Modern Day Societal Crutch In today’s America we as citizens are faced with the ongoing crutch known as obesity. Obesity is defined as a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent of major health issues. I view obesity as a â€Å"crutch† because it is disease that will slow the American populous down. The topic on obesity has been debated over many years as to who would take the blame of America’ s overweight problem and what that individual or group would do to prevent it.Many different state legislatures and school board committees have started to ban vending machines in school grounds. â€Å"Congress has considered a menu-labeling legislation that would force chain restaurants to list fat, sodium, and calories for each item† (Balko, 2004, p. 522). Many individuals like me believe that this is definitely the most improper approach to preventing the obesity epidemic that has plagued the United States over the last twenty years. It is not the United State government’s place to tell American citizens what they can or cannot consume.Obesity has become more and more of a problem because American citizens are executing poor dietary techniques. The next influential factor to obesity is the influence of our biological need and genetics. These factors play a large part in the obesity epidemic but the key factor to obesity is the fact that Americans are drastically dec reasing their urges for physical fitness and health. Data has been collected from many different institutions and still the debate is on to see which group will inherit the blame of our nation’s obesity problems.Although many argue who is to blame for obesity, I believe that is in the hands of the individual and their poor diet techniques, biological factors, and their willingness to perform physical fitness. Dietary Techniques Obesity has become a crutch to the American way of life in the idea that we as individuals are not executing proper dietary techniques. The groups that are mainly targeted for obesity because of poor dieting techniques are low-income families throughout the United States. Obesity is on the rise in these families because more Americans are eating outside their homes at higher rates† (Bryan, 2006 p. 98). With the families going out to eat instead of staying home they are subject to a higher calorie intake than if they were to eat at home. The nutri tional nature of fast food is unknown to many Americans because they have forfeited the need for knowledge on the matter. â€Å"Fast food restaurants and other fast food outlets are serving larger portions to consumers† (Bryan, 2006, p. 98).This creates a dilemma for a person trying to stay within his/her healthy eating when a fast food business offers more food for cheaper than healthy food. In today’s society Americans are looking at the almighty dollar instead of their dietary needs. If it cost fifteen dollars to eat healthy food and it only cost six dollars for a value meal then 9 times out of 10 the consumer is going to choose the value meal over healthy food. I also believe that high advertisement of fast food and snack foods by large businesses influence the consumer to stray from their healthy diet.Many business have began to realize that American’s are becoming more and more aware of their dietary needs and are working to provide healthy foods at their restaurant chains. Biological Needs and Genetics The next factor we need to include in the reason of individuals ourselves being responsible for our obesity is biological needs and even our genetics. â€Å"Humans are hardwired, as a survival strategy, to like foods high in sugar, fat, and calories† (Brownell & Nestle, 2006, p. 525). This may seem like it in not the individual’s problem and could be blamed on biology.This is an individual responsibility due to the fact that the human body can be controlled in a matter of survival. If one is desperate to survive and realizes that they are overweight they will cut back on excess calories. The closest example I have of survival is the urge to quit smoking because of all the scientific backing that states it can end your life. A responsible individual would quit smoking when he/she realizes they may die from the hazards. This survival response is the same with the obesity epidemic.Individuals are placed into danger when the y become obese and face many different side effects. Some of these health hazards include an array of thirty different diseases. Although there are many individuals out there that are willing to help themselves get over this epidemic, many individuals are unable to overcome obesity due to their genetic make-up. Physical Fitness and Health There are many different contributing issues that play into the obesity epidemic but the key factor is the decline of physical fitness and overall health.Physical fitness has come to an all time low since the 1960’s and the evolution of the industrial age. Research data from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics revealed that over the past 50 years the relationship between activity at work and obesity has grown closer together. â€Å"In 1960, nearly half the jobs in the private sector required at least moderate physical activity, but in 2010, less than 20% demanded this much physical work† (Harvard, 2012). With industrializatio n and technology on the rise many Americans are relying on technology to get them through their lives.Do not get me wrong, I believe that the use of technology makes this country an effective machine. The advances in technology has relieved stress off a man’s back and applied it to his stomach. The health hazards that follow obesity are not just a big belly but also high blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, stroke, gallstones, gout, some cancers, bladder control issues, and psychological disorders (Bryan, 2006, p. 97). The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) reported an increase in the prevalence of obesity from 11. 1% in the 1970’s to 19. 3% in the early 2000’s† (Samper-Ternent & Al Snih, 2011, p. 10-19). With the concern of citizens and their health on the rise I believe that the more information we get out to the people it will be beneficial to their survival. Discussion The epidemic th at is obesity has become a modern day problem for America’s society. Some would even go as far to say that it could even be a crutch for he United States. â€Å"Increases in the prevalence of obesity have been observed in men and women, in all age groups, in all major ethnic groups, and at all educational levels† (Samper-Ternent & Al Snih, 2011, p. 10). Individuals themselves could control and take responsibility for their overweight situation which would allow them to become more active and healthy. If obesity is caught early on the individual will be more likely to overcome this hardship they have entered. We as individuals need to maintain our body and live a long, healthy life.Just like Sir Isaac Newton stated, â€Å"A body in motion stays in motion†¦ and a body at rest tend to remain at rest. † References Balko, R. (2011). Obesity: Who Is Responsible for Our Weight. In S. Barnet & H. Bedau (Authors), Current Issues and Enduring Questions (9th ed. , pp. 522-523). Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's. Brownell, K. , ; Nestle, M. (2011). Are You Responsible for Your Own Weight? Con. In S. Barnet ; H. Bedau (Authors), Current Issues and Enduring Questions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (9th ed. , pp. 524-525).Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's. Bryan, M. (2006). Obesity in America & its Impact on Minorities, Women and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Low-Income Groups. International Journal Of The Diversity, 6(3), 97-101. Harvard University. (2012). Obesity in America: What's Driving the Epidemic? Harvard Men's Health Watch, 5-7. Samper-Ternent, R. , & Al Snih, S. (2012). Obesity in older adults: Epidemiology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and omplications for disability and disease. Reviews in Clinical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gerontology, 22, 10-34. doi:10. 1017/S0959259811000190

Education Is Too Structured And Hinders Children...

About 4 million children enter kindergarten in the United States each year (Duncan 2015). However, preschool attendance has been a controversial topic for over fifty years. Advocates argue preschool provides children with a foundation to excel upon entering kindergarten. According to Kathleen McCartney, PhD, Dean of Harvard School of Education, preschool exposes children to numbers, letters, and shapes. In addition, children learn how to socialize – get along with other children, and they also learn how to share (Kanter 2007). Critics argue preschool is too structured and hinders children creativity. Michael Smith President of the Home School Legal Defense Association is cautious of over institutionalizing children who attend preschool. He indicated that parents who provide children with plenty of love and attention during their influential years will develop naturally (Lester, 2007). Although there are differences of opinions when it comes to the benefits of preschool, enrollment continues to increase. The National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) report indicates more than two-thirds of 4-year olds and more than 40 percent of 3-year-olds were enrolled in preschool in 2005. In addition, about forty states now offer state-funded pre-k programs (2007). Early education plays a key role in preventing educational deficits, not only among children from disadvantaged backgrounds but also for all children (Kornblun 2016). Research indicatesShow MoreRelatedThe Banking Concept Of Education Summary1133 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 2017 The Banking Concept of Education In the essay, â€Å"The Banking Concept of Education†, Paulo Freire compares two teaching concepts used in education, which are the â€Å"banking concept† and â€Å"problem-posing†. In the â€Å"banking concept†, the educator assumes that the students are passive, so they take full control and instill students with information without explaining it to them or receive their input. Freire believes that problem-posing education allows people to develop their human naturesRead MoreThe Theory Of Progressive Education2050 Words   |  9 PagesThe theory of progressive education suggests that individuality, creativity, curiosity and change are fundamental to one’s education. The theory bases their curricula on the interests, experiences and abilities of students. Children in the 21st century are living in the most intense, stimulating period of time in which they are being besieged with information from every platform such as, social media, mobile phones and television which implies they need to allow opportunities to express themselvesRead MoreA Child Is Mysterious and Powerful2649 Words   |  11 PagesMontessori philosophy. 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It is worthy to note that majority of high school students in the country who got poor or failing grades in their academic subjects came from brokenRead MoreNstp Handouts13038 Words   |  53 Pagestrain students to become teachers of literacy and numeric skills to school children, out-of school youth and other segments of society in need of their services. 3. 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The House of Capulet in Romeo and Juliet

The House of Capulet in Romeo and Juliet is one of fair Verona’s two feuding families—the other being the House of Montague. Capulet’s daughter, Juliet, falls in love with Romeo, the son of Montague and they elope, much to the anger of their respective families. Heres a look at the major players in the House of Capulet. Capulet (Juliets Father) Hes head of the Capulet clan, married to Lady Capulet and father to Juliet. Capulet is locked in an on-going, bitter and unexplained dispute with the Montague family. Capulet is very much in charge and demands respect. He is prone to rage if he does not get his own way. Capulet loves his daughter very much but is out of touch with her hopes and dreams. He believes that she should marry Paris. Lady Capulet (Juliets Mother) Married to Capulet and mother to Juliet, Lady Capulet appears distanced from her daughter. It is interesting to note that Juliet receives most of her moral guidance and affection from the Nurse. Lady Capulet, who also married young, believes it was high time Juliet was married off and chooses Paris as the appropriate candidate. But when Juliet declines to marry Paris, Lady Capulet turns on her: Talk not to me, for Ill not speak a word; do as thou wilt, for I am done with thee. Lady Capulet takes the news of her nephew Tybalts death extremely hard, going so far as to wish death on his killer, Romeo. Juliet Capulet Our female protagonist is 13 years old and about to be married to Paris. However, Juliet soon stumbles upon her fate when she meets Romeo,  and instantly falls in love with him, despite him being the son of her family’s enemy. Over the course of the play, Juliet matures, making the decision to abandon her family to be with Romeo. But like most women in Shakespeares plays, Juliet has little personal freedom. Tybalt Lady Capulet’s nephew and Juliet’s cousin, Tybalt is antagonistic and has a deep hatred of the Montagues. He has a short temper and is quick to draw his sword when his ego is in danger of being damaged. Tybalt has a vindictive nature and is feared. When Romeo kills him, this is a major turning point in the play. Juliet’s Nurse A loyal maternal figure and friend to Juliet, the Nurse provides moral guidance and practical advice. She knows Juliet better than anyone else and provides comic relief in the play with her bawdy sense of humor. The Nurse has a disagreement with Juliet near the end of the play which demonstrates her lack of understanding about the intensity of Juliet’s feelings about love and about Romeo. Servants of the Capulets Samson: After the Chorus, he is the first character to speak and establishes the conflict between the Capulets and the Montagues. Gregory: Along with Samson, he discusses the tension in the Montague household. Peter: Illiterate and a bad singer,  Peter invites guests to the Capulets’ feast and escorts the Nurse to meet with Romeo.

The Paris Peace Conference Of 1919 - 1202 Words

Owen McManus Mrs. Shandera, Mrs. Swartz English 11 Pd.8, AP History Pd.1 10 February 2017 Creating More Problems The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 opened on the 18th of January, with delegations from all over the world attending to lay claim to their desires, or gain reparations for their sacrifices throughout the greatest war the world had ever been subject to. The big four countries at the negotiating table were the British under Lloyd George, the French led by Georges Clemenceau, The Italians and their prime minister Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, and The United States of America under President Woodrow Wilson. Each group had their own ideas for a post-war world order, and their own tactics for reaching it. The actions of these victorious†¦show more content†¦This leads to the British and French skirting around Wilson’s goals, meeting secretly to make decisions about the post-war world, and to further their own, often imperialistic, prerogatives. The Treaty of Versailles agreed upon in 1919 set in motion events that would be direct causes of World War II. According to Robert Cowley, the treaty stripped Germany of many territories, including Eupen-Malmeacutedy, given to Belgium, Alsace-Lorraine to France, large amounts of eastern lands to Poland, the Memel region to Lithuania, and most of the Schelswig area of the Danish peninsula to Denmark. Germany lost all of her overseas colonies as well. It also forced Germany to limit their army to 100,000 men, and forbade them certain types of weapons common to modern armies. The worst part of all was that Germany was made to assume all the guilt for the war, and forced them to pay an amount of war reparations unspecified at first, then set around 33 billion gold marks(Cowley). â€Å"World War One: Treaties† says that the peace terms imposed upon the defeated countries, Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Bulgaria, seemed to them to be unfair and unjust punishments.Show MoreRelatedCom ments of the German Delegation to the Paris Peace Conference 1919709 Words   |  3 PagesTwo: Comments of the German Delegation to the Paris Peace Conference 1919 1. According to the authors of Germany’s complaint. The various provisions of the treaty hurt Germany’s economy by forcing Germany to accept full responsibility for the damages caused not only by the Germans but also by everyone associated with them and the damage that was caused. As stated in the article, Comments of the German Delegation to the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 President Wilson recognized in his speech ofRead MoreAmericas Failure to Join the League of Nations Essay1028 Words   |  5 Pagesof such a disaster was to create an international committee whose purpose was to prevent wars by maintaining world peace. This would be the task of the League of Nations. Woodrow Wilson was the creator of the League of Nations in his Fourteen Points Speech. This was ironic because the United States failed to join the League of Nations. This can be seen in the US delegations in Paris, the Congressional election of 1918, Article X, Wilsons conflict with republican se nators and his problem with compromisingRead More The Treaty of Versailles Essay1924 Words   |  8 PagesParis 1919 brought a political move that would alter history in ways its creators never foresaw. The Treaty of Versailles, written at the Paris Peace Conference by the Big Four allied nations, officially ended World War I and stated the terms of settlement. Representatives from the United States, Britain, France, and Italy made up the Big Four: Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Vittorio Orlando respectively. Although Orlando eventually walked out because he wasn’t gettingRead MoreWoodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points2163 Words   |  9 PagesHigh Command began quietly pursuing negotiations of peace and cease fire, not from their European counterparts, but from American President Woodrow Wilson . Germany was hoping to benefit from President Wilson’s ideals of peace and justice for all, ideals he had laid out publicly that year in a January sp eech outlining his â€Å"blueprint for a new democratic world order.† These Fourteen Points became the cornerstone of Wilson’s contribution to the peace negotiations following the armistice that ended theRead MoreAims of the Participants and the Peacemakers : Wilson and the 14 Points2334 Words   |  10 Pagesparticipants and the peacemakers : Wilson and the 14 points. | Word Count: 1495 | I. Introduction On January 8, 1918, during the Joint Session of the American Congress, Thomas Woodrow Wilson, announced his Fourteen Points to try to ensure permanent peace, bring a speedy end to the World War I (WWI) avoid another cataclysmic conflict as such.[1A] The other allied powers tacitly and cautiously accepted Wilson’s plan as a template for the postwar treaty. It was on the back of the Fourteen Points thatRead MoreWoodrow Wilson and the Leage of Nations2237 Words   |  9 Pagesbeginnings of communism plagued Europe. The question that kept lingering in the minds of everyone affected was what was to come in the future. President Wilson wanted to offer relief to the crumbling world. He realized that if war was to end, and lasting peace was to work, â€Å"the victors must swallow their pride and offer relief to the vanquished† (Lodge 1). In an effort to get this notion going, he outlined a plan that sought to â€Å"make the world fit and safe to live in† (Lodge 1). It included everything fromRead MoreBiography Of Margaret Macmillan s Paris 19191437 Words   |  6 PagesMacmillan’s Paris 1919: Six Months that Changed the World attempts to provide a complete narrative of the tense six months in which the wor ld met in Paris after the Armistice that ended the First World War. Macmillan herself is a Professor of International History at the University of Oxford as well as the Warden of St Antony’s College . She is also the great granddaughter of British Prime Minister David Lloyd George . In the book Macmillan provides unprecedented insight into this Peace Conference and examinesRead MoreThe Treaty of Versailles1684 Words   |  7 PagesA. Plan of Investigation The Treaty of Versailles was created to bring peace between nations after WWI. This investigation will answer the following question: To what extent did the Treaty of Versailles bring peace? In this investigation, the extent of the Versailles Treaty’s success will be evaluated by examining the period of its development, 1918, to the rise of Hitler, 1933. Several sources were used in this investigation including a number of books that look at the terms of the Treaty ofRead MoreThe Treaty Of Versailles, Reparations, And The Locarno Pact1528 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1919, the Paris Peace Conference organized by the triumphant leaders of World War I, initiate reparations and peace treaties amongst the Allied and Associated Powers and the conquered Central Powers it led to the rise of the treaty of Versailles. The progression of the treaties that were discussed in the Paris Peace conference, are what formed the new countries and borders that reshaped the entire map of the world an d also resulted in many Empires becoming economically unstable. The Paris PeaceRead MoreTaking a Look at the Paris Conference962 Words   |  4 PagesWilson immediately formulated a peace proposal that aspired to prevent such hysteria from ever happening again. The document, know as The Fourteen Points, established the basis of a peace treaty and the foundation of a League of Nations, which was a â€Å"general association of nations... formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.† On January 18, 1919, President Wilson expected the

Shakespeares Othello The Motivations of Iago in Essay Example For Students

Shakespeares Othello The Motivations of Iago in Essay Othello Othello essaysThe Motivations of Iago in Othello Have you ever met a devil who does evil for his own sake? Iago in William Shakespeares Othello could seem like he has good motives, but I feel that he uses them as his excuses. The first thing that I did was uncovered Iagos motives. Iago is the most controversial character in Othello. He is able to keep his true thoughts and motives from everyone. Are his motives only excuses for his actions? Iago pretends to have so many motives that they seem more like excuses. Iago then uses these excuses to justify his actions, which are pure evil. I also feel that Iago has motives and actions that cause his actions. Does Iago have many different excuses, or does he only have one? This paper will prove that Iago has one clear motive and reason for his madness. Iago is not looking for justification that causes him to act the way he does. There is much more though to Iago. He is not a man of only excuses, he has goals with his motives, which causes him to act the way he does. As early as the first scene of the play Iago shows us strong motives for his actions. In this first scene we see Othello, a general of Venice, has made Cassio his new lieutant. Iago feels he truly deserves his promotion as he says I know my price, I am worth more no worse a place.(l. i.12) Iago over here is confused why Othello has made such a stupid decision. Iago is a man with a tremendous ego who knows, sometimes overestimates, his worth. Roderigo, a Venetian gentleman, understands Iago when Iago said that he is affined to love the Moor. (l.i.41-42) What Iago really means is I follow him to serve my term upon him.(l. i.45) Iago wants to use Othello for his personal goals. We also must put ourselves into Iagos shoes. He is a man whose self-esteem and professional carrier have just been torn apart. Iago makes his actions of revenge toward Othello almost immediately by informing Brabantio, a Venetian senator and father of Desdemona, that an old black ram (Othello) is tupping (his) white ewe (Desdemona).(l.i.97) Iagos next motive becomes clear when he convinces Othello that he (Cassio) is too familiar with his (Othellos) wife. (1,iii.4399) Iagos motive here is to break the bond between Othello and Desdemona. At the end of Iagos speech, Iagos chief desire is practicing upon his (Othellos) peace and quiet. (2. ii.332) When Iago says Tis here, but yet confused, (2.ii.332) he is clearly admitting that he has some sort of plan of what he is doing even though the details are not worked out yet. The reason why Iago has yet to reveal his plan is because he doesnt want to show his face till his plan gets done. During Iagos speech, in 1.ii, he tries to assure himself of the true love Cassio holds for Desdemona when he says That Cassio loves her, I do well believe t. That she loves him, (Cassio) tis apt and of great credit. (2.i.308-309) In this speech we are able to see Iago act more as a human than a monster. He tries to make himself feel better by convincing himself that his lies are actually true. If he was a devil who does evil for his own sake, than he wouldnt care if his lies were true or not. Iago speaks of how Othello would prove to be a good husband to Desdemona, he also admits that he loves Desdemona. I do love her,(2.i. .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3 , .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3 .postImageUrl , .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3 , .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3:hover , .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3:visited , .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3:active { border:0!important; } .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3:active , .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3 .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u37de025f3093d5d20192d10540e24bf3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Stephen J. Hawking by Rachel Finck Essay313) he admits, Not out of absolute / but led to diet (his) revenge. (2.i.314,316) This claim of love for Desdemona has a nonsexual implication: Desdemona is an object which enables Iago to seek revenge on Othello. Again, Iago does suspect the lusty Moor,(2.i.317) had an affair with his wife Emilia. His motive is to seek revenge and get even with Othello as he says Till I am evened with him wife for wife. Iagos motive is to make Othello overcome by jealousy, At least into a jealousy so strong,(2.i.323) that he will not be able to see or think straight. Iago says that jealousy is an affective judgement. Iago is an egotistical man whose self-esteem is hurt. His ability to conceal his true thoughts enables him to plot his revenge. Iago has clear and focused motives and reasons for his actions. Numerous motives ranging from jealousy, hatred, to an injured pride are the driving forces which helps Iago with his actions. Numerous motives ranging from jealousy, hatred, to an injured pride are the driving forces which helps Iago with his actions. Iago is a complex character who can never be fully understood for even he says I know not what I am.(1.i.71)

Soft Systems Thinking Essay Essay Example

Soft Systems Thinking Essay Paper Soft System Methodology ( SSM ) was developed as methodological analysis by Peter Checkland and his co-workers working at Lancaster University and Open University in the seventiess. The thought of the SSM is to understand. place and work out the existent universe jobs. This paper will get down with the history of SSM and its definition. Then it describes the SSM methodological analysis with a practical instance survey from the existent universe. The writer will look into the chief characteristics and benefits SSM. Afterwards the writer will show the relationship between the soft systems believing. cognition direction. rational capital and societal capital. Soft Systems Methodology ( SSM ) is now taught and used around the universe. â€Å"SSM as an attack to undertaking the multi-faceted jobs which directors face ; in making this. it besides established the now well-recognized differentiation between ‘ hard’ and ‘ soft’ systems thinking† ( Winter. 2000 ) . Soft Systems Methodology is based on systems believing. It views the job sphere in a holistic instead than reductionist manner. recognizing that the constituent parts are interconnected. so that a alteration to one portion will impact the other parts. â€Å"Systems believing is a model for seeing interrelatednesss instead than things. for seeing forms of alteration instead than inactive snapshots† ( Frank. 2002 ) . Systems believing propose flexible linguistic communication which can spread out. form and alter the human being normal manner of believing in respect to complex affairs. Wang and Ahmed ( 2003 ) argue that soft systems enclose a broad scope of soft constituents including historical. personal. cultural and institutional factors which lays the bases of organizational acquisition. We will write a custom essay sample on Soft Systems Thinking Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Soft Systems Thinking Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Soft Systems Thinking Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Taking a holistic attack requires the ability to distance oneself from daily operational jobs and to see how jobs and issues are connected to the overall form that underlies peculiar inside informations and events. Senge ( 1990. cited Bonn. 2001 ) calls this attack as â€Å"systems thinking† . He argues that: â€Å"We must look beyond personalities and events. We must look into the underlying constructions which shape single actions and make the conditions where types of events become likely† . SSM is called human activity systems ( Brocklesby. 1995 ) . SSM methodological analysis composes of seven phases and those are: 1. The job state of affairs unstructured. 2. The job state of affairs structured. 3. Root definitions of relevant systems. 4. Conceptual theoretical accounts. 5. Comparison of phase 4 and phase 2. 6. Identify executable and desirable alterations A ; 7. Action to better the job state of affairs. These phases are shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Traditional SSM Seven Stages Phases 1. 2. 5. 6. and 7 are existent universe activities that involves existent people in the job state of affairs or the existent job that needs to be improved. These activities speak every twenty-four hours linguistic communication of the peculiar state of affairs. While phases 3 and 4 are system believing activities which may or may non affect those in the job state of affairs depending on the fortunes. It describes what complexness of the system and what and how the system ought to look like. These activities speak the linguistic communication of the system. Another manner to believe of these activities are to believe of activities 1 and 2 as the stage of happening out about the job state of affairs. stages 3. 4. and 5 contribute to do up the stage of system thought. and eventually stages 6 and 7 are the stage of taking action. These seven phases do non stand for a individual procedure which can be followed from start to the terminal in a consecutive order and after which a right determination or an reply will be obvious. These phases are phases in a procedure and this procedure may hold to be repeated many times before a sensible adjustment or understanding may be reached. Planing and direction is progressively debatable in the real-world environment of gyrating alteration and uncertainness. Knowledge is uncomplete. values are in difference and the determinations of others are frequently unpredictable. Problem structuring methods ( PSMs ) are now a cardinal direction accomplishment. It is the procedure of recovering information from long-run memory and external memory and utilizing it to build the job infinite. i. e. to stipulate ends. operators and rating maps etc. The methods which have come. jointly. to be known as PSMs were developed independently from the mid 1960s onwards. What each PSM offers is a manner of stand foring the state of affairs ( that is. a theoretical account or theoretical accounts ) that will enable participants to clear up their quandary. converge on a potentially actionable common job or issue within it. and agree committednesss that will at least partly decide it. There are many types of PSMs and the more standard signifiers of the chief methods may be briefly summarized as follows: -Strategic options development and analysis ( SODA ) : This is a general job designation method that uses cognitive function as a modeling device for arousing and entering individuals’ positions of a job state of affairs. -Soft systems methodological analysis ( SSM ) : This is a general method fro system redesign. Participants build ideal-type conceptual theoretical accounts ( CMs ) . one for each relevant universe position. -Strategic pick attack ( SCA ) : This is a planning attack centred on pull offing uncertainness in strategic state of affairss. -Robustness analysis: This is an attack that focuses on keeping utile flexibleness under uncertainness. -Drama theory: This draws on the two attacks. metagames and hypergames. It is an synergistic method of analyzing co-operation and struggle among multiple histrions. Sometimes non merely one attack is used but several. When developing an IT scheme for a big UK supermarket concatenation ( Sainsbury ) . they deployed and adapted a broad scope of PSMs in combination. Cognitive maps ( from the SODA attack ) were drawn. The following stage was to analyze each possible new IT systems in more item. for which the undertaking force members learned to utilize SSM. The rating of these possible systems was conducted utilizing the ‘comparing’ manner of the SCA. The concluding phase involved change overing the precedence portfolio of systems into a smaller figure of larger undertakings. New systems were developed and introduced over a five twelvemonth period. and were found to ensue in significant. measured benefits. SSM has advantages and those are: the ability to work out soft jobs where hard techniques fails ; takes societal. political. and power distribution issues into consideration through the application of cultural watercourse analysis ; Support different point of views through rich images ; can be used for larning in add-on to work outing jobs ; can be used in system where there is ill-situation but there is no specific ends and aims ; allows for new and inventive solutions to be discovered ; really utile in the beginning of work outing a job to happen out about the job state of affairs and understands demands. SSM has disadvantages and those are used to work out some ill-parts of the system but it doesn’t construct a whole system ; it does non state you how to construct the system ; the power managing portion seems fancy where the directors ever have the upper manus ; direction are non so happy about the nature of unfastened ended SSM ; heavy weight and clip devouring procedure ; limited in the design of a new system. Executives in successful administrations systematically search for ways to better the public presentation of their administrations. This motivates direction of such administrations. to obtain new apprehensions of some of the implicit in but complex mechanisms. e. g. Knowledge. that govern the endeavor effectivity. Increasingly. the cognition being captured and used by administrations is seen as the footing for the firm’s competitory advantage. Offsey ( 1997 ) asserts â€Å"As the gait of planetary competition quickens. executives realize that their border lies in more expeditiously reassigning cognition across their organisations† . On the other manus Inkpen ( 1996 ) argues that ‘Increasingly. the creative activity of new organizational cognition is going a managerial priority†¦ . . A failure to make cognition and pull off it as a critical organizational plus may account for the worsening public presentation of many well-established firms† . Such considerations from administrations led to the outgrowth of a new motion known as Knowledge Management ( KM ) . Knowledge direction is a cyclic acquisition procedure where SSM adds value in motive on uninterrupted and effectual acquisition ( Gao. Li and Nakamori. 2002 ) . Many research workers view the construct of KM as about people and non engineering. Quinn ( 1992. cited Soliman and Spooner. 2000 ) believes that the economic and bring forthing power of a modern corporation lies in its rational and service capablenesss alternatively of its difficult assets. Sarvary ( 1999. cited Alvesson and Karreman. 2001 ) goes ‘There is much more to knowledge direction than engineering entirely. Knowledge direction in a concern process† . Davenport and Prusak ( 1998 ) define cognition as â€Å"a unstable mix of framed experience. values. contextual information. and adept penetration that provides a model for measuring and integrating new experiences and information. It originates and is applied in the heads of apprehenders. In administrations. it frequently becomes embedded non merely in paperss or depositories but besides in organizational modus operandis. procedures. patterns and norms† . Nonaka ( 1991 ) suggests that there are two types of cognition: tacit. which is embedded in the human encephalon and can non be expressed easy ; and explicit cognition. which can be easy codified. Researchers argue about the importance of the above two types of cognition. While some focal points on pull offing expressed cognition. others argue that more accent is to be given to pull offing the tacit cognition. Mintzberg ( 1989. cited Soliman and Spooner. 2000 ) argues â€Å"The strategic informations bank of the administration is non in the memory of its computing machines but in the heads of its managers† . In order to transform the above two types of cognition within the house into a valuable plus. cognition. experience. and expertness must undergo some KM Procedures that may include formalisation. distribution. sharing. and application of cognition. Von Krogh et Al. ( 2000a. B ) identified a six measure KM procedure that starts with creative activity and progresses to knowledge gaining control and storage. knowledge polish. cognition distribution. cognition usage. and monitoring of the full procedure. Theories such as: Theory Y ( McGregor. 1960 ) . Management by Objectives ( Drucker. 1965 ) . strategic planning by Mintzberg and Porter ( 1970s ) . Entire Quality Management by figure of quality gurus such as ( Deming. 1986 ; Juran and Gryna. 1993 ; Crosby. 1979 ; Feigenbaum. 1991 ) . and Learning Organization ( Senge. 1990 ) . are all stand foring the development in the tools and patterns in the direction field during the 20th and twenty-first century. As a consequence of the uninterrupted attempt of seeking the competitory advantage. new construct of direction has emerged. underscoring on the importance of pull offing consistently and explicitly the organisational rational plus. â€Å"As a consequence the direction community has come to recognize that what an organisation and its employees know is at the bosom of how the organisation functions† ( Davenport. Prusak. 2000 ) . Drucker ( cited in DeTienne A ; Jackson. 2001 ) supports the same position and mentioned that â€Å"We know that the beginning of wealth is something human: cognition. If we apply knowledge to tasks we already cognize how to make. we call it productiveness. If we apply knowledge to tasks that are new and different. we call it invention. Merely cognition allows us to accomplish these two goals† . The value of the organisation’s cognition should be recognised. so that cognition is managed as an plus ( Rowley. 1999 ) . Kannan and Aulbur ( 2004 ) argue that rational capital. knowledge direction and intangible assets are of import factors in finding the value of an organisation. as reflected in the growing of the cognition direction industry. Intangible assets such as good will. patents. hallmarks. rational capital and client lists are going cardinal assets in many of today’s corporations. particularly in the engineering industry. With the turning influence of intang ible assets. their appraisal is going more of import and the standards for their appraisal should besides go on to develop to assist extinguish any abnormalities that may originate. This is indispensable in protecting the credibleness of comptrollers and the stockholders of corporations. â€Å"Intellectual capital can be defined as rational resources that have been â€Å"formalized. captured and leveraged† to make assets of higher value† ( Prusak. 1998 cited Kannan and Aulbur. 2004 ) . Rastogi ( 2002 ) defines IC as â€Å"A firm’s holistic art and potency for making value† . IC refers to rational stuff such as rational belongings. cognition. information and experience that can be used to make wealth. Intangible assets are innately hard to mensurate and include a big figure of organisational and single variable ( Kannan and Aulbur. 2004 ) . Intellectual capital may be both the terminal consequence of a cognition transmutation procedure or the cognition itself that is transformed into rational assets of the house ( Dzinkowski. 2000 ) . Three extra signifiers of capital have became popular constructs in the new economic system of the past mark old ages: market capital. rational capital. and knowledge capital ( Tymon and Stumpf. 2003 ) . Management is of import in organizing. fosterage and heightening rational capital to do it productive. There is some incompatibility and confusion between the footings KM and IC. There is an copiousness of literature on both. each covering with the same issue that the value of cognition as an organisational plus ( Egbu. 2004 ) . Intellectual Capital consist of Social Capital: Relationships within and outside the administration ; Human Capital: The people within the administration ; Structural Capital: The procedure and operations of the administration ; Customer Capital: Value of external relationships. Organization such as Skandia describes rational capital through measuring of new indexs. A balance scorecard for mensurating public presentation on fiscal capital and assorted rational capital dimensions is presented to Skandia direction ( Bucklew. 1999 ) . Bucklew ( 1999 ) argues that rational capital additions company value and makes concern operations more efficient. Beside that he arguers that the sharing of competences requires direction of information which indicates that both information direction and rational capital are related. The Intangible Asset Monitor was developed by Karl Erik Sveiby as a presentation format that displays indexs for internal direction information intents ( Sveiby. 1997 ) . Success in the 21st century will be more societal and relational than it has been since kins were the prevailing societal construction of society. Tymon and Stumpf ( 2003 ) argue that societal capital is the stock of accrued resources that one can entree based on the relationships that can help or be leveraged in carry throughing an terminal or fostering a chase. The stock of accrued resources that can be accessed via these relationships is what we define as societal capital. â€Å"These resources include information. thoughts. leads. concern chances. fiscal capital. power. emotional support. good will. trust. and cooperation† ( Baker. 2000 ) . Social capital can be defined as the existent and possible resources embedded within. available through. and derived from the web of relationships possessed by an person or societal unit. In this definition. societal capital comprises both the web and the assets. which may be mobilized through that web. Since rational capital is by and large created through a procedure of uniting the cognition and experience of different parties. it is dependent upon exchange between these parties. ( Nahpiet. 1997 ) . The worker is farther alienated from other people. since capitalist economy transforms societal dealingss into market dealingss. and people are judged by their place in the market instead than by their human qualities. Peoples come to see each other as hypostatizations – as worker or as capitals – instead than as persons. In the writer sentiment. the societal dealingss of capital that arise are between those who own the agency of production. and those who must work. This entails a relation non merely of belongings. but besides of power. The dealingss are characterized in category battles which leads to development. by pull outing excess labor. and therefore to disaffection of the worker. It is the potency of societal capital to take to new penetrations ( rational capital ) through the interactions among a diverse group of sure others in covering with an issue. Knowledge workers skilled in the usage of societal capital acknowledge this interactive potency. Much of the grounds of the relationship between societal capital and rational capital high spots the significance of the relational dimension of societal capital. In peculiar. research identifies many ways in which aspects of relationships influence the motive of parties to prosecute in cognition creative activity through exchange and combination. â€Å"It is both normative and descriptive in nature in an effort to see the full cognition rhythm. The model is normative in that is prescribes specific KM processs ( or undertakings ) . and it is descriptive in that it identifies properties of KM that influence its success or failure organisational civilization. acquisition. scheme. cognition classifications† ( Rubenstein – Montano. Liebowitz. Buchwalter. McCaw. Newman and Rebeck. 2001 ) Harmonizing to several research workers. societal capital can act upon professional success ; aid workers in the occupation hunt procedure and make a better portfolio of employees for the organisation ; ease the exchange of resources between units ; estimulate invention. rational capital creative activity and the efficiency of multidisciplinary squads ; cut down the rotary motion of employees and back up the creative activity of start-ups ; and beef up dealingss with providers. regional web production and inter-organizational acquisition. There is one of import and critical facet. which contributes to the effectivity of the transportation of cognition within any house. which is the civilization of the administration. Goh ( 2002 ) argues that â€Å"one cultural dimension critical to knowledge transportation is co-operation and collaboration†¦The existing of a strong co-operative and collaborative civilization is an of import requirement for cognition transportation between persons and groups† . Developing a civilization that encourages sharing and reassigning of cognition is a really of import function of the direction of any administration. A civilization that should be built on trust and transparence between all persons within the administration. a civilization that will honor persons who portions their cognition and reassign it to their equals within the administration. a civilization that encourages acquisition of different competencies required by the house. and a civilization that encourage horizontal communicating flows through the set uping cross-functional squads within the administration. should be encouraged. Such civilizations would be achieved through the leading committedness of the administration. and through paying attending. as suggested by Devanport and Prusak ( 1998 ) . to the amateur cognition workers who perform the different cognition work. and besides by the creative activity of a Chief Learning officer place within the company. In decision. the SSM plays of import function in measuring the design a system to carry on cognition direction which is the rational capital of the house. Firm’s civilization and administration construction from the leading point of the position are the cardinal factors for interchanging and sharing the cognition which is the rational capital and treated as an assets. REFERANCES Alvesson. M. and Karreman. D. ( 2001 ) Odd Couple: Making Sense Of The Curious Concept Of Knowledge Management. Journal Of Management. Studies. 38:7. November 2001. pp. 0022-2380. Bonn. I. ( 2001 ) Developing Strategic Thinking as a Core Competency. Management Decision. Vol. 39 No. 1. pp 63-70. Brocklesby. J. ( 1995 ) Using Soft Systems Methodology to Identify Competence Requirements in HRM. International Journal of Manpower. Vol. 16 No. 5/6. pp. 70-84. Davenport. T. and Prusak. L. ( 1998 ) Working Knowledge. Cambridge. Ma: Harvard Business School Press. Egbu. C. O ( 2004 ) Pull offing Knowledge and Intellectual Capital for Improved Organizational Innovations in the Construction Industry. An Examination of Critical Success Factors. Engineering. Construction and Architectural Management. Volume 11. No. 5. pp. 301-315 Frank. M. ( 2002 ) What is â€Å"engineering systems thinking† ? Kybernetes. Vol. 31 No. 9/10. 2002. pp. 1350-1360. Gao. F. . Li. M. and Nakamori. Y. ( 2002 ) Systems Thinking on Knowledge and Its Management: Systems Methodology for Knowledge Management. Journal of Management. 6 ( 1 ) pp. 7-17. Goh. S. G. ( 2002 ) Pull offing Effective Knowledge Transfer: An Integrative Model and some Practice Implications. Journal Of Management. Vol. 6. No. 1. pp. 23-30. Nonaka. I. ( 1991 ) â€Å"The Knowledge Creation Company† . Harvard Business Review. November/December. pp. 96-104. Inkpen. A. C. ( 1996 ) Making Knowledge Through Collaboration. California Management Review. Vol. 39. No. 2. Fall 1996. Kannan. G. and Aulbur. W. G. ( 2004 ) Intellectual Capital Measurement Effectiveness. Journal of Intellectual Capital. Vol. 5 No. 3. pp. 389-413 Nonaka. I. ( 1991 ) The Knowledge Creation Company. Harvard Business Review. November/December. pp. 96-104. Offsey. S. ( 1997 ) Knowledge Management: Associating Peoples to Knowledge for Bottom Line Results. Journal Of Knowledge Management. Vol. 1. No. 2. December 1997. Soliman. F. and Spooner. K. ( 2000 ) Strategies for Implementing Knowledge Management: function of human resource direction. Journal Of Knowledge Management. Vol. 4. No. 4. 2000. pp. 337-345. Tymon. W. G. and Stumpf. S. A. ( 2003 ) Social Capital in the Success of Knowledge Workers. Career Development International. 8/1. pp. 2-20 Von Krogh. G. Khijo. K. . and Nonaka. I. ( 2000a ) Enabling Knowledge Creation. How to Unlock the Mystery of Tacit Knowledge and Release the Power of Innovation. Oxford University Press. New York. NY. Von Krogh. G. . Nonaka. I. . Nishiguchi. T. ( Eds ) ( 2000b ) Knowledge Creation. A Source Of Value. Macmillan. New York. NY. Wang. C. L. and Ahmed. P. K. ( 2003 ) Emotion: The Missing Part of Systems Methodologies. Kybernetes. Vol. 32 No. 9/10. pp. 1283-1296 Winter. M. ( 2000 ) The Relevance of Soft Systems Thinking. Human Resource Development International. Vol. 3 No. 3. pp 377-383